Correlations and regressions of the optimally scaled variables with their corresponding attitude, subjective norm, or perceived control scale was run. Collinearity statistics of the regression indicated that all of the variables were highly correlated. To correct the multicollinearity problem a factor analysis using a principle axis extraction and oblimin rotation was conducted on the following: (a) the optimally scaled outcome belief products, (b) the optimally scaled normative belief products, and (c) the optimally scaled control belief products.

Two techniques were used to identify differences in those who quit drinking and those who continued to drink during pregnancy. The mean values for the intention to quit, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control were compared. In addition, a crosstabulation was done on categorical variables for the demographic questions and questions regarding drinking patterns. A Bonferroni adjustment was done to decide which variables were statistically significant.

Characteristics of Participants
A total of 148 surveys were analyzed. The average age of the women completing the questionnaire was 26, with the age range being 18 to 43. Half of the women (77) reported that they had completed high school. In addition, 62% (92) of the women report an annual family income of $20,000 or less. Women were also asked to report when their baby was expected. Thirty-nine percent (58) indicated that they were expecting in four to six months, 32% (47) expected their baby within the next three months, and 29% (43) expected their baby to be born in more than six months.

A total of 21 women reported quitting drinking during their pregnancy. The remaining 127 women reported being current alcohol drinkers of which 16% (24) were heavy drinkers, 33% (49) average drinkers and 37% (54) light drinkers. Respondents were asked if they ever drank more than five drinks in one occasion. Just over half (61% or 89) reported drinking more than five alcoholic beverages, constituting binge drinking, at least once. Approximately half of the women (55% or 81) also reported being unable to remember what they did while under the influence of alcohol at least once. Finally, the overwhelming majority of women (80%, 119) indicated that they did not require an alcoholic beverage to get going in the morning.

Reliability of the Questionnaire Scales
Internal consistencies (Cronbach’s alpha) for the theory of planned behavior variables were .76, .77, .70 and .60 for intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control, respectively.

Predictors of Attitude
Two underlying outcome factors were identified—abstention would improve the health of the baby and the mother and abstention would increase stress.